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AN 

HISTORIC TOUR 

A PILGRIMAGE 

TO THE BIRTHPLACE 
OF AMERICAN LIBERTY 
AND THE HOMES OF 
OUR FOREMOST 
AUTHORS 



An Historic Tour 
A PILGRIMAGE 

to the Birtkplace ox 
American Liberty, 
and the homes or our 
Foremost Authors 



PUBLISHED EXCLUSIVELY FOR 

BUSCH'S AUTO TOURS 



HUDSON PRINTING COMPANY 
146 SUMMER STREET. BOSTON. 



COPYRIGHT 1913 
J. J. BUSCH 



©CU35JL074 



OUR tour begins at Park Square, the starting point of the 
British Troops on the 19th of April, 1775, when they 
made their famous expedition to Lexington and Concord. 

Here may be seen the Emancipation Group — represent- 
ing Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves. This statue is a 
copy of the one in Lincoln Square, Washington, D. C, and 
was presented to the city of Boston in 1879 by the Hon. 
Moses Kimball. 

Ahead, is Boston Common, the oldest public park in 
America, covering an area of forty-eight acres. It was the 
camping ground of the British Troops for six years preceding 
the Evacuation of Boston. 

The Public Gardens are under perfect cultivation and 
horticultural development and contain a large and valuable 
collection of plants, also several beautiful statues including 
a bronze equestrian statue of Gen. Washington, the largest 
in the United States ; also a monument commemorating the 
discovery of ether, as an anaesthetic. 

Opposite the Public Gardens is the Arlington Street 
Unitarian Church, noted throughout New England for its 
chimes and choir. It was presided over for many years by 
William Ellery Channing, the celebrated Unitarian divine, a 
statue of whom may be seen opposite the church. 

On the corner of Berkeley and Boylston Streets is the 
Berkeley Building known as the daylight building. The 
building of the Boston Society of Natural History on the 
opposite corner contains a mounted specimen of almost every 
known animal and bird and a library of five thousand volumes. 
Next are two of the ten buildings of the Massachusetts Institute 
of Technology, recognized as the finest technical school in 

3 



the United States. The first is the Rogers Building, named 
after the founder of the Institute. The next, the Walker 
Building, was named for a former president of the Institute. 




RECTORY 



TRINITY CHURCH. COPLEY SQ. BOSTON 



We next enter Copley Square, named for the famous 
artist, John Singleton Copley. To the left is Trinity Church 
and Rectory, designed by Henry H. Richardson, and presided 
over for twenty consecutive years by the beloved Philips 
Brooks, whose statue may be seen in front of the church. 

Just beyond the church is the Hotel Westminster, ha\- 
ing the only roof cafe in New England. Next on the left is 
the new Copley Plaza Hotel standing on the site of the old 
Museum of Pine Arts. 



The granite building is the Boston Public Library de- 
signed by Stanford White. It is the second largest circulat- 
ing library in the United States and in addition to its magni- 
ficent collection of books it contains many noted paintings by 




BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY 



famous masters, including the Holy Grail by Abbey, the 
Flight of Time by Eliott and some of Sargent's best work. 
To the right is the New Old South Church; built in 1875 
to take the place of the Old South Meeting House. This 
building is modelled after the Mosque of Omar and has the 
highest tower in the city, standing two hundred and forty 
eight feet high and five degrees out of perpendicular owing to 
the settlins^ of the made land on which it stands. 



The Boston Universiiy College of Liberal Arts on the 
left was formerly the Harvard Medical School Building. 

Looking to the left across the New York Central train 
yards can be seen Mechanic's Pavilion the home of the Mass- 
achusetts Charitable Mechanic Association of which Paul 
Revere was the first president. Its two Exhibition Halls, — 
Paul Revere and Talbot — cover an area of four and one-half 
acres. It is here all the large conventions and fairs are held. 




CHRISTIAN SCIENCE TEMPLE. 



'THE MOTHER CHURCH" 



Looking still further beyond the yards we see the large, 
granite dome of the new Christian Science Temple founded by 
Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy. It was built at a cost of $2,000,000. 

6 



The top of the dome stands three feet higher than Bunker 
Hill Monument, being 224 feet above the sidewalk. This 
church has a full set of Chinese chimes. The small church 
with the square tower is the mother church of Christian Science. 

The brick building with the granite trimmings on the 
rio-ht is the home of the Boston Tennis Club and contains the 
finest indoor tennis courts in the world. 

Ahead, may be obtained a glimpse of the Back Bay Fens 
extending for a distance of thirty miles in and (out) about 
the city. In the Fens are located Mrs. Jack Gardner's famous 
Venetian Palace; Simmons College for Young Ladies; the 
new Boston Museum of fine Arts; the new Harvard Medical 
and Dental Schools ; the new Boston Grand Opera House; 
Fenway Park the home of the Red Sox and olher public and 
private buildings. 

We now turn into Massachusetts Avenue extending from 
the water front in Dorchester to Concord a distance of twenty 
six miles. We next cross Commonwealth Avenue, the finest 
street in New P^ngiand. It is 228 feet wide from curb to curb. 
In the center of the street on the left is a statue of Leif Eric- 
son, sometimes called Eric the Red, who was supposed to 
have landed on these shores in the year 1000. The statue 
was designed by Miss Anne Whitney. 

In the distance are the hotels Puritan and Somerset. 
This is the Back Bay section of Boston and is for the most 
part all made land. We are now approaching the Harvard 
Bridge which spans the Charles River, connecting Boston 
with Cambridge. The river at this point is almost half a mile 
wide. It is here the Harvard crews practice and hold some 
of their races. In the distance on the left is Corey Hill, the 

7 



beauty spot of Brookline, the richest town of its size in the 
United States; the marble building with the five domes is the 
Temple Israel. 




THE NEW $4,000,000 WEST BOSTON BRIDGE, (RESERVATION IN THE 
CENTRE FOR CAMBRIDGE SUBWAY TRAINS) 



The bridge seen to the right with the four granite towers 
is the new West Boston Bridge built jointly by the cities of 
Boston and Cambridge at a cost of ^4,000,000. In the dis- 
tance the tall granite shaft is Bunker Hill monument. The 
corner stone was laid in 1825 by Gen. Lafayette. It was 
completed 1 8 years later, the oration being delivered by Daniel 
Webster. In the monument are 6700 tons of Ouincy Granite 



built at a cost of $170,000. The top is reached by 294 steps 
and is 221 feet high. On the Cambridge side of the river is 
the Shoe and Leather Exposition BuikUng now used as auto- 
mobile repair shops. On the left is Riverbank Court, the 
largest apartment hotel in New England, containing seven 
hundred rooms and one thousand windows. 

We now enter Cambridge, a city by itself with a popu- 
lation of over 104,000. It is said to be the largest city in the 
world without a hotel, theatre, daily newspaper or a bar-room. 

In a few moments we shall reach the grounds and build- 
ings of Harvard University. Harvard was founded in 1636 
by a party of graduates from Cambridge University in Eng- 
land. Among the number was John Harvard for whom the 
college was named. He died one year later, in 1637, leaving 
to the infant university his entire library of 360 volumes and 
half his fortune. The college today has an enrollment of 
about 5000 students and a working capital of over ;^ 10,000,000. 
It consists of 1 7 distinct departments, exclusive of laboratory, 
dormitories and museums. Its three museums are the finest 
in the country. 

The Agassiz Museum contains the only collection of glass 
models of flowers in existence. They were made by Prof. 
Blaschka in the northern part of Germany. 

At the junction of Harvard and Ouincy Streets is Har- 
vard Union, the largest social organization of the college. 
Here the two college papers, the Crimson and the Lampoon 
are published. The first gate on the right is the Roosevelt 
gate given by the class of 1880 of which the ex-president was 
a member. 

The new Widener Library, the fourth largest in the 
World, erected at a cost of over two million dollars, by the 

9 



Widener family of Philadelphia, in memory of Harry Elkins 
Widener of the class of 1907, who lost his life in the Titanic 
disaster. 

The next granite building is Boylston Hall, the chemical 
Laboratory. The old yellow wooden building on the right is 
the Wadsworth House, built in 1726. It was the headquar- 
ters of Gen. Washington during his encampment in Cambridge 
and the house in which all Harvard presidents lived from the 
time of Wadsworth to Edward Everett, and is now used as a 
dormitory by the students. The tablet on the sidewalk on the 
right, marks the site of the fourth meeting house in Cambridge, 
in which Washington worshipped in 1775, and where Lafayette 
was welcomed in 1824. 

The building on the corner is Dane Hall, the old law 
school. We are now in Harvard Square, the financial centre 
of Cambridge. Mathews Hall to the right is the largest dor- 
mitory within the enclosin-e. The gate ahead on the right 
is Harvard Gate, the main entrance to the University. On 
this side of the gate is Massachusetts Hall, on the other side 
is Harvard Hall. These are the two oldest halls within the 
enclosure. They were used as barracks by Washington's 
troops. 

The ivy-covered building in the fore-ground is H olden 
Chapel, in which the first religious exercises were held. On 
the right hand corner is the Phillips Brooks House, in which 
each religious denomination has the use of one room. 

The building surmounted by the clock is Memorial Hall, 
Harvard's most prominent building, erected to the memory 
of the students who lost their lives in the Civil War. It con- 
tains a Banquet Hall in which 1400 students eat their meals 
daily, the ceremony is called ''feeding the animals"; also the 

10 



Saunder's Theatre, in which the commencement exercises are 
held. Here may be seen the finest stained glass window in 
the world, designed by Sarah Whitman of Philadelphia. On 
the corner is the Hemenway Gymnasium. The red granite 
building is Austin Hall, the new law school. 




MEMORIAL HALL AND SAUNDERS' THEATRE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 



On the lawn will be seen two tablets. The one nearest 
the auto marks the spot where General Prescott took com- 
mand of 1500 Continentials and after prayer by Pres. Lang- 
dell, marched to Bunker Hill on the night of June 16, 1775. 
The further one marks the birthplace of Oliver Wendell 
Holmes. The next to the right is Hastings Hall, another 
dormitory. 

11 



The cannon about the soldiers monument on the common 
were captured at Fort Ticonderoga by Col. Ethan Allen, and 
were used in the evacuation of Boston by Gen. Washington. 

The statue seen is that of Charles Sumner, the famous 
Abolitionist. To the left is the old Newtowne burial ground 
referred to by Longfellow as "God's Acre." Here are the 
graves of eight Harvard presidents, also the old mile stone 
showing the distance to Boston to be eight miles. This is 
explained by the circuitous route then necessary. 

Adjoining the cemetery is Christ Church, the oldest in 
Cambridge, built in 1760, and occupied by the Continental 
troops in 1775. The organ pipes in this church were melted 
into bullets and used by the Continental troops. Beyond the 
Church are the buildings of Radcliffe College, for the higher 
education of women. 

In the center of the street (within the enclosure) is the 
Washington Elm, under which Washington first took com- 
mand of the American Army, July 3, 1775. 

The statue on the common to the right is that of John 
Bridge, the first settler in Cambridge and supervisor of the 
first public school. 

We will in a moment pass a tablet against the fence on 
the left marking the spot where four American citizens were 
killed by the retreating British, April 19, 1775. Crossing 
the little brook we pass into the town of Arlington which in 
olden times was known as Menotomy. This town contributed 
largely in men and money towards the cause of the Revolu- 
tion. It has a population of about 12,000 and is famous for 
its market gardens. On reaching the little church on the 
right by looking slightly to the rear on the hill may be seen 

12 



Tufts College. The next tablet passed on the right marks 
the site of the Old Black Horse Tavern, where the Committee 
of Safety met in 1775. 

We next enter Arlington Center. The granite monu- 
ment on the right is in memory of the men of Arlington 
who lost their lives in the Civil War. The old yellow building 
on the right is the old Cooper Tavern. Here Jabez Wyman 
and Jason Winship were killed by British soldiers April 19, 
1775. The road next to the tavern is the original one over 
which Paul Revere returned to the county road after having 
passed through Charlestown, Somerville and Medford. From 
here we follow the exact route taken by Paul Revere. 

The church ahead on the left is the third church of the 
first parish of Arlington, organized in 1733; the tablet in 
front of the church marks the spot where the old men of 
Menotomy captured a convoy of 18 British soldiers with 
supplies intended for the British at Lexington. 

The sandstone building is the Robbins Memorial Library, 
Beyond is the new Town Hall, given by the Robbins heirs; 
the bronze statue represents the Hunter; the large brick buil- 
ding is the Arlington High School; the tablet on the side- 
walk to the left marks the site of the house of Jason Russell 
where he and the eleven other Americans were captured, dis- 
armed and killed by the retreating British, April 19, 1775. 

The old-fashioned building ahead on the right with the 
odd shaped blinds was the second church of Arlington. The 

13 



next point of interest is known as the "Foot of the Rocks," 
the tablet on the boukler is in memory of Edward Wellington, 
a commissioned officer in the War of 1812. 




FOOT OF THE ROCKS 

We next reach Arlington Heights. We will in a moment 
cross the boundary line of Arlington and Lexington. 

Lexington was settled in 1693 and was formerly a parish 
of Cambridge known as the Cambridge Farms, incorporated 
in 171 3, and has today a population of less than 6000. The 
yellow frame building is known as the Lexington Inn. Next 
is the old East Lexington Burying Ground, dating back to 
1695; as was customary in olden times that tomb-stones face 

14 



the setting sun The small square tablet in the square to the 
left marking the spot where Benj. Wellington, a Lexington 
Minute Man was captured and disarmed by the British soldiers 
early in the morning of April 19, 1775. The frame building 
with the columns on the right is the Emerson Hall. Here 
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Dr. EoUen preached, before the 
construction of the little church beyond, which is the Pollen 
Unitarian Church. 




THE HOME OF JONATHAN HARRINGTON. LEXINGTON. MASS. 
LAST SURVIVOR OF LEXINGTON BATTLE 

On the lawn ahead on the right, is a white house with a 
tablet; this was the home of Jonathan Harrington, the last 
survivor of the Battle of Lexington, born here in 1758 and 
died here in 1854 at the age of 96. He was the youngest of 

15 



the patriots at the Battle of Lexington and at Lafayette's 
reception in 1824. The large Ehn tree ahead on the right 
was planted by the father of the last survivor of the battle of 
Lexington, in 1732. 

The next point of interest is an old-fashioned house on 




MUNROS TAVERN. LEXINGTON, 



[ASS., BUILT 1G95. 



the left known as the Monroe Tavern, built in 1695, used as 
headquarters and hospital by Earl Percy on April 19, 1775. 
Washington was entertained here Nov. 15, 1789, on his last 
New England tour. The small tablet under the tree on the 
left marks the spot where Earl Percy burned several build- 

16 



ings; on the hill to the south he had planted one of his field 
pieces commanding the approaches to the village. Earl 
Percy was sent out from Boston by Gen. Gage with re- 
inforcements, numbering about looo, to cover the retreat of 
Major Pitcairn, from Concord Bridge. He met the retreat- 
ing British on these hills known as the hills of East Lex- 
ington, and here the British made their first successful stand 




STONE CANNON, LEXINGTON, MASS. 



of the day. It has been admitted by the British that if they 
had not been re-inforced here, none of them would have 
reached Boston alive; as it was, the British loss during the 
day was 65 killed, 176 wounded and 27 missing; while the 
American loss was 49 killed, 36 wounded and 5 missing. 

The stone cannon on the lawn of the Lexington High 
School to the right marks the location of the other of P^arl 

17 



Percy's field pieces. Several shots were fired from this can- 
non, one of them penetrating the meeting house on Lexing- 
ton Green. The frame building with the large veranda some 
distance ahead on the right was the Massachusetts building 
at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876. The 
building was torn down, brought here in sections and is now 
used as a Keeley Institute. Just beyond is the town hall of 
Lexington, where Henry Sandham's famous painting of the 
battle entitled '*The Dawn of Liberty" is on exhibition. 

We are now approaching the Village Green where the 
battle of Lexington took place. On reaching the Green the 
British soldiers found the Americans arranged in line ol battle. 
The Minute Men numbered about 40 while the British headed 
by Major Pitcairn numbered almost 800. Major Pitcairn 
dashing into the centre of the Minute Men, exclaimed, "Dis- 
perse, ye damn Yankee Dogs," and fired his pistol into the 
face of one of the Minute Men killing him on the spot. With 
that there was a general firing from along the line of the British 
on the road and 7 Americans were killed. The British then 
hastened on to Concord. Directly ahead is the large, bronze 
statue of Capt. John Paiker, who commanded the Lexington 
Minute Men. The statue was designed by H. H. Kitson of 
Boston and unveiled on April 19, 1900 by Capt. Parker's 
grandson. It surmounts a drinking fountain and was pre- 
sented to the town by Francis Brown Hayes. 

Pulpit Rock in the rear of the statue marks the site of the 
first meeting houses in Lexington, all of which w^re burned. 

18 




CAPTAIN PARKER STATUE 



PULPIT ROCK 

Site of the first three meeting houses in Lexington 

I. 
Buih 1692 When the town was a parish of Cambridge. 

II. 
Built 1 71 3 on the incorporation of Lexington. 

III. 
Built 1794 Burned 1846. 

pastorates. 
Benjamin Easterbrook - - - 1692-1697 

John Hancock - - - - • - 1698-1752 

19 



Jonas Clark _ _ _ - . 1755-1805 

Avery Williams _ . _ _ 1 807-181 5 

Charles Briggs _ . _ _ 1819-1835 

William J. Sweet . _ _ _ 1 836-1 839 

Jason Whitman . _ _ _ 1 845-1 846 

Paul Revere on the night of his famous ride took the first 
road ahead on the right, Hancock street to the Hancock- 
Clark House where Samuel Adams and John Hancock were 
sleeping that night. A price had been set on the heads of 
these ** Arch-rebels" who in fear of being seized by Gen. Gage 
if they returned to Boston, were secretly stopping at the par- 
sonage of the Lexington minister, Jonas Clarke, after the 
adjourning of the second Provincial Congress in Concord. 
After arousing Adams and Hancock he returned to theVillage 
Green and rang the bell which hung in Belfry Tower where 
the flag pole now stands. He was then joined by William 
Dawes of Boston and Dr. Samuel Prescott of Concord and 
made his way over the old county road toward Concord. The 
Minute Men assembled soon after the alarm was rung, but 
the British not being in sight, were disbanded and they 
adjourned to the old Buchanan Tavern, the old building seen 
among the trees on the right, and there they spent the re- 
mainder of the night. They were re-assembled on the Green 
at six o'clock on the morning of the 19th and took up their 
line of battle from the large boulder on the Green to the 
mound and monument. This boulder marks the '*line of the 

20 




LINE OF THE MINUTE MEN 



Minute Men." On it is the famous command of Capt. 
Parker, "Stand your ground. Don't fire unless fired upon, 
but if they mean to have a war let it begin here." 

The ivy covered monument on the Green was erected in 
memory of the seven men killed on Lexington Green and is 
probably the oldest memorial to the Revolution in the coun- 
try. The inscription on the monument was written by the 
Rev. Jonas Clarke, who was pastor of Lexington at the time 
of the battle and reads as follows: 



21 



Sacred to Liberty & the Rights of mankind 

The Freedom & Independence of America 

Sealed & defended with the blood of her sons 

This monument is erected 

By the inhabitants of Lexington, 

Under the patronage & at the expense of 

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts 

To the memory of their Fellow Citizens 

Ensign Robcit JMunroe, JMessrs. Jojias Parker, Caleb Hanington 

Samuel Hadley, jonatJian Harrington and Jchn Brown 

Of Lexington & Asahel Porter of W^oburn 

Who fell on this field, the first Victims to the 

Sword of British Tyranny & Oppression 

On the morning of the ever memorable 

Nineteenth of April An Dom 1775 

The Die was cast 

The Blood of these Martyrs 

Li the cause of God & their Country 

Was the Cement of the Union of these States, then 

Colonics & gave the spring to the spirit, F'irmness 

And Resolution of their Fellow Citizens 

They rose as one man to revenge their brethren's 

Blood & at the point of the sword, to assert & 

Defend their native Rights 

They nobly dar'd to be free ! ! 

The contest was long, bloody & affecting 

Righteous Heaven approved the solemn appeal ; 

Victory crowned their arms; and 

The Peace, Liberty & Lidependence of the United 

States of America, was their glorious Reward. 

Bnilt in tJie year Ijgg 

22 



The yellow building between Hancock and Bedford streets 
is known as Historic Hall, was built in 1828 as the Lexington 
Academy; here on July 4, 1839, was opened the first normal 
school in America with three pupils. Opposite the head of 
the Green on our right we pass "the house of Jonathan Har- 
rington, who, wounded on the common by the British, dragged 
himself to the door anddied at his wife's feet" 

The meeting house on our right is the fourth church of the 
first parish of Lexington. The top step of this church is on 
an equal level above the sea with the top of Bunker Hill Monu- 
ment. 

We now return to the road which Paul Revere and the 
British Troops took on the way from Lexington to Concord. 
This is Massachusetts Avenue, the old county road. The 
next point of interest is Rally Bluff. Here on their retreat 
from Concord Bridge the British officers endeavored to rally 
their men, but after a sharp fight they were driven from the 
hill in great confusion by the Americans and retreated 
to Fiske Hill beyond. The road now leads us through North 
Lincoln. The large tablet in the stone wall on the right marks 
the cow pasture where Paul Revere was captured by the 
British scouts. Dr. Samuel Prescott who accompanied him 
on his ride mounted a stone wall, escaped the British scouts 
and by a path known to himself reached Concord and warned 
the Minute Men of that town. Paul Revere was carried to 
Lexington by the patrol but no papers being found on his 
person to convict him he was released. 

At this point on the old Concord road, as it was then, 
ended the midnight ride of Paul Revere. He had at about 
2 o'clock of the morning of April 19, 1775, the night being 
clear, and the moon in its third quarter, got thus far on 

23 



his way from Lexington to Concord, alarming the inhabitants 
as he went, when he and his companions WiUiam Dawes of 
Boston and Dr. Samuel Prescott of Concord, were suddenly 
halted by a British patrol who had stationed themselves at 
the bend of the road. Dawes turning back made his escape, 
Prescott clearing the stone wall and following a path known 
to him through the low ground, regained the highway at a 
point further on and gave the alarm at Concord. Revere 
tried to reach the neighboring wood but was intercepted by 
a party of officers accompanying the patrol, detained and kept 
in arrest. Presently he was carried by the patrol back to 
Lexington and there released and that morning joined Han- 
cock and Adams. Three men of Lexington, Sanderson, Brown 
and Loring stopped at an earlier hour of the night by the 
same patrol, were also taken back with Revere. 

We are now within the town limits of Concord. Concord 
was settled in 1635, five years after Boston and is the oldest 
English town in America settled above tide water. The 
turn in the road ahead on the right is known as Meniam's 
Corner, as the tablet on the corner reads: 

"The British troops, retreating from the Old North Bridge 
were here attacked in flank by the men of Concord and neigh- 
boring towns, and driven under a hot fire to Charlestown." 

The little white building on our right is the Grapevine 
cottage, the home of Ephraim Wales Bull, the originator of 
the Concord Grape. Beside the cottage, under the trellis 
may be seen the first Concord Grapevine planted in 1853. 

The many-gabled house next on our right is "The Way- 
side" where Hawthorne spent the last twelve years of his life. 
Here he wrote "Tanglewood Tales," "Septimus P'elton" and 
the "Marble Faun." The "Wayside" is now owned by Mrs. 

24 



Lolhrop, the widow of the Boston publisher, Daniel Lothrop. 
She, under the name of Margaret Sidney, wrote ''The Five 
Little Peppers and How They Grew." 

The tablet in the woods on our right marks Hawthorne's 
favorite path to the study which he had constructed in a 
mammoth pine tree on the top of the ridge. The outer row 
of trees are English Larches and were imported by Haw- 
thorne from Liverpool when he was United States Consul to 
that port. Next on the right is the ''Orchard House" the 
home of Louisa May Alcott. Here she wrote "Little Women" 
The large trees in front of the house she called her Sentinel 
trees, beneath which she wrote many of her works. In the 
rear the small wooden building is the School of Philosophy, 
established by Amos Bronson Alcott in 1879. 

The next house was the home of Dr. Samuel Prcscott who 
accompanied Paul Revere on his famous ride and who gave 
the alarm in Concord. Over the hill on the left among the 
pines is Lake Walden on the shores of which Thoreau built 
his hut and wrote his famous book "Walden." The large 
white house among the trees on our left was the home of 
Ralph Waldo Emerson for forty-seven years. Here he wrote 
most of his works. The lower right hand corner room was 
his library and study. This room is in the same condition in 
which the author left it. He died in the upper left hand cor- 
ner room in 1882. The house v^as the home of his daughter 
Miss Ellen Emerson until she died in PV^bruary, 1909. It is 
now owned by Dr. Edward PZmerson and is occupied by 
Concord school teachers. 

The red building on our right is the home of the Con- 
cord Antiquarian Society. One room is devoted exclusively to 
Thoreau relics; here also is the sword of Col. James Barrett 

23 



who led the fight at the bridge. The meeting house on the 
left is the second church of the first parish of Concord, built 
in 1900 to replace the old building, which was built in 17 12, 
and burned to the ground April 12, 1900. In the old church 
was held the First Provincial Congress of Delegates from the 
towns of Massachusetts. This assembly was held on Oct. 1 1, 
1774, with John Hancock as president. By its acts it paved 
the way for the Revolution and organized the Militia com- 
panies that were afterwards nicknamed Minute Men, from 
the wording of the clause which stated that they were to be 
ready for war at a minute's notice. 

Adjoining the church, is the Old Wright Tavern built in 
1747. It was the headquarters of the Minute Men long 
before the war broke out ; here the patriotic agitators held 
forth nightly and over their tankards discussed the conflict 
that was sure to come. On the 19th of April, 1775, it was 
the headquarters of the British officers; here Major Pitcairn 
made his famous boast while stirring his toddy, that he would 

*'stir the blood of the d Yankees that day." The old 

Tavern some years ago was purchased by two public spirited 
men, Reuben Rice and Judge Rockwood Hoar, who presented 
it to the First Parish Church that it may be preserved and 
always kept as a tavern. 

This house is well worth a short visit for here in addition 
to its historic relics, including the original bar are the following 
legends: 

The legend tells that in this house 

The silver of the church 
Was hidden in a keg of soap 

Away from British search, 
Certain it is her ancient creed 

So guarded sacred things, 
That to her solemn verities 

No "soft soap" ever clings. 

28 



One Brown once kept the Tavern Wright, 

and a brave man was he, 
For in the Boston Tea Party, he helped to 

pour the tea. 
This fact is chiselled on his stone, and 

grave stones never lie, 
But always speak the living truth just as 

do you aud I. 

Oil the hill to the right opposite the tavern is the old hill 
bur\ ing ground, the oldest cemetery in town, containing the 
remains of ihe early settlers of Concord, and many of the 
patriots of the Revolution. The oldest headstone with a date 
that is legible is 1677. Adjoining the cemetery is St. Ber- 
nard's Church. We now enter Monument Square. The 
large granite monument was erected in memory of the Con- 
cord men who lost their lives in the Civil War. The large 
elm tree in the square on the right is known as the Town ¥Am 
under which the townspeople held their meetings dur- 
ing the Revolution. Here the Reverend William Emerson 
addressed the Muiute Men on the morning of April 19, 1775 
exhorting them to stand firm for their liberty. On April 19, 
1812, Dr. William Emerson, a son of the former, addressed 
the Cjncord soldiers before their departure for the second 
war with Great Britain. April 19, 1861, just forty-nine years 
later, Ralph Waldo Emerson addressed the Concord soldiers 
under the tree before their departure for the South, and again 
April 19, 1898, on the eve of the Spanish-American War 
Dr. Edward Emerson performed the same patriotic duty as 
his ancestors. 

The large boulder on the end of the Green to the left 
was erected in memory of three Concord young men who 
lost their lives in the invasion of Porto Rico. 

30 




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The tablet across the square on the left marks the site 
of the first town hall which was burned by the British. 

We are now on Monument street over which the British 
soldiers marched on their way to the North Bridge. The large 
yellow house on the right is the Elisha Jones house, built in 
1644, better known as the house with the bullet hole. In the 
ell part of the house may be seen a bullet hole made by a British 




THE OLD NORTH BRIDGE. CONCORD, MASS. 



soldier retreating from the North Bridge. The plate glass 
was placed over the hole to prevent tourists from carrying it 
away. Almost opposite the Jones House is the Old Manse, 
made famous by Hawthorne's "Mosses from an old Manse." 
The house was built in 1764 for the Rev. Wm. Emerson, the 
grandfather of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Here Ralph Waldo 

32 



Emerson wrote his ''Nature." Nathaniel Hawthorne lived 
here from 1842 to 1846. In his opening chapters of ''The 
Mosses from an old Manse" Hawthorne gives a fine des- 
cription of the interior as well as the surroundings, making 
special mention of the two mammoth gate posts of rough 
hewn stone, as well as the avenue of trees. The Reverend 
Emerson, after addressing the men under the town Elm, re- 
tired to his study in the Old Manse and prayed that there be 
no blood shed, when he was roused from his prayers by the 
firing of musketry. Looking out of the window of the study 
he saw the red coats retreating from the causeway carrying 
with them several of the wounded British soldiers, leaving two 
of their dead comrades behind them. 

We now enter the battle ground of Concord, the most 
sacred spot in America. "Here on the 19th of April, 1775, was 
made the first forcible resistance to British aggression. On the 
opposite bank stood the American Militia. Here stood the 
invading army and on this spot the first of the enciny fell in 
the war of that Revolution which gave independence to these 
United States. In gratitude to God and in the love of Free- 
dom this monument was erected in 1836." Just beside the 
monument near the stone wall are the graves of the tw^o 
British soldiers killed by the first fire of the Minute Men. 
On the opposite bank of the Concord river is the statue of the 
Minute Man marking the position of the Americans. This 
statue, considered one of the finest bronze statues in America, 
was designed by Daniel C. French, and moulded from cannon 
that were used in the war of 181 2. It was unveiled on April 
19, 1875, on the looth anniversary of the Concord fight by 
Gen. Grant, then President of the United States, his cabinet 
and the Governors of the six New England States. 

34 




BATTLE MONUMENT 

Marks the spot where the British stood and fought on the 19th, of April, 1775 

Bridge and Statue in the distance 



The oration of the day was deUvered by Geo. Wm. Curtis, 
an address was made by Ralph Waldo Emerson and a poem read 
by James Russell Lowell. The inscription on the base is 
one of the stanzas of Emerson's Concord Hymn and follows: 

By the rude bridge that 

arched the flood, X 

Their flag to April's 

breeze unfurled, 
Here once the embattled 

farmers stood, 
And fired the shot heard 

round the world. 

"The Minute Man speaks not to Americans only, but he 
speaks to the whole race of men in all times and all places. 
He stands there as the universal embodiment of human 
freedom. He represents the everlasting protest of mankind 
against tyranny and oppression. If those mute lips and that 
heroic attitude say anything, they say this, which, in feeble 
and less articulate tones, men have been trying to say 
throughout all the ages, that the individual life is God-given 
and inviolate." 



38 




eT^ATTTF OF THE MINUTE MAN 



1775 



JUL 18 1913 




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SALEM 



One of tKc oldest and most liistoric 
cities in America, 14 miles north of 
Boston, is easily reacKed ty trolleys 
THE rlOME Or leaving ScoUay Square suLway station, 
THE WITCHES or Ly Boston ^ Maine R.R. 

TKe Gateway to tke famous North 
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strangers wishing to visit tnis quaint s|)ot 

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informed guide on eack auto. 

Nove.wi5 WINTER SEASON ^^"^ ^^ 

Seeing Jacksonville, Florida 

Tke most ut)-to-date and fastest growing city m tke Soutk, Tke 
Gateway to Florida and tke West Indies. Witk "Mr. FOSTER" 
Seminole Hotel. 



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:'-' Havana, Cuba ^^"^ ^ 

TkeParis of America, witk "Mr. FOSTER" Prado and Central Park 

JT TJTTC/^TIJ IV^ ^ Home Office, Room 1, 14 Park Square 

. J. rSUoUrl, Manager, boston, mass. 

Colonial Sigkt- seeing Autos 

OF BOSTON 

Conducting tli« Finest SigKt-Sceing Automobile System m America ot)€rating tnree 
aistmct tours 

Historical Boston, Bunker Hill, and Down Town I our 

Residential Boston, Camkridge, Harvard University, Brooklme 

and Park System Tour 

Leave Park Square. Daily and Sunday. 9. 10 and 11 A. M. 2, 3 and 4 P. M. 

FARE $1.00 
Lexington and Concord Tour over tke "Paul Revere Route. 
33^ kour 40 mile trif) 

Leave Park Square. Daily and Sunday. 10 A. M. 2 P. M. FARE $1.50 

Seat! reserved by 'Pbone. Oxford j OQOfi 

Office 14 Park Square 



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